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Comments
However, once it is programmed with a bootloader that expects an external crystal (or technically, once its "fuse" bytes are set to require one-- which happens as part of that programming process), it does require a crystal.
If you do not have a crystal on your target board, and you tried to program a bootloader, it's possible that you may have *succeeded* once, which will make it so that it cannot be reprogrammed, at least until you add the crystal and caps.
I got the same result with one other processor that I bought from RS and also should be with factory settings. I think it is unlikely that both would write halfway once, even if it might happen.
I have resolve red every joints and checked that the processor have correct vcc. The green light on the programmer is lighted and the red flashes once before I get error message rc=-1